What to do if someone has a heart attack?

If you suspect someone is having a heart attack, it is a medical emergency. Quick action can save their life. Here’s what to do:

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Recognize the Signs

• Chest pain or pressure (may spread to the arm, neck, jaw, or back)

• Shortness of breath

• Sweating, nausea, or vomiting

• Lightheadedness, weakness, or fainting

• Rapid or irregular heartbeat

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Immediate Actions

1. Call emergency services immediately (e.g., 911 in the US, 999 in the UK, 112 in the EU, 911/199 in Jordan).

   • Do not delay—early treatment greatly improves survival.

2. Keep the person calm and seated or lying down.

   • Have them rest in a comfortable position, preferably half-sitting with knees bent, to reduce strain on the heart.

3. Loosen tight clothing to make breathing easier.

4. Give aspirin (if available and not contraindicated).

   • A standard dose: 300 mg (in the UK) or 325 mg (in the US), chewed slowly for faster absorption.

   • Only if the person is conscious, not allergic, and has no history of severe stomach bleeding.

5. Administer nitroglycerin (if prescribed).

   • If the person has their own nitroglycerin tablets or spray for angina, help them take it as directed.

   • Do not give nitroglycerin if it was not prescribed.

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If the Person Becomes Unconscious

• Check breathing and pulse.

• If no pulse or breathing: start CPR immediately.

  • Push hard and fast in the center of the chest (100–120 compressions per minute, about the beat of “Stayin’ Alive” by the Bee Gees).

  • If trained, provide rescue breaths (30 compressions, 2 breaths).

• Use an AED (defibrillator) if one is available. Follow the device instructions until emergency help arrives.

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Do Not

• Do not leave the person alone unless you must call for help.

• Do not give them food, drink, or unprescribed medications.

• Do not try to move them unnecessarily.

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Prevention After Recovery

• Encourage regular medical checkups.

• Manage blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes.

• Quit smoking and maintain a healthy diet and weight.

• Stay physically active as advised by a doctor.