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Wednesday, August 20, 2025

What to do if someone suffers a head injury?


Head injuries can range from minor bumps to serious, life-threatening trauma. Because complications such as brain bleeding or swelling can occur even if the person seems fine, every head injury should be treated with caution.

1. Initial Assessment

  • Check responsiveness – Gently tap and ask if they are okay.

  • Check breathing and pulse – If not breathing, call emergency services immediately and begin CPR.

  • Look for danger signs: confusion, loss of consciousness, drowsiness, vomiting, seizures, severe headache, clear fluid or blood from nose/ears, unequal pupils.

2. Call Emergency Services Immediately (911/999/112) if:

  • The person is unconscious, even briefly.

  • They have persistent confusion, drowsiness, or memory loss.

  • They vomit more than once.

  • They have seizures, weakness, or difficulty walking/speaking.

  • There is bleeding from the head or face that won’t stop.

  • There is clear fluid or blood coming from ears or nose.

  • They have unequal pupil size or vision problems.

  • They fell from a significant height, had a high-speed accident, or were struck forcefully.

3. While Waiting for Help

  • Keep them still – Ask them not to move their head or neck. Support the head in the position found if you suspect neck or spine injury.

  • Apply gentle pressure to bleeding wounds with a clean cloth or bandage, but avoid pressing hard if you suspect skull fracture (e.g., if the skull looks misshapen or there’s fluid leakage).

  • If unconscious but breathing, place them in the recovery position to maintain an open airway, unless a neck injury is suspected.

  • Do not remove helmets if the person was in a sports or road accident—wait for professionals.

  • Do not give food, drink, or medication, as surgery or loss of consciousness may follow.

4. For Minor Head Injuries (No Red-Flag Symptoms)

  • Apply a cold pack to the bump for 15–20 minutes to reduce swelling.

  • Observe the person closely for 24–48 hours.

  • If symptoms like drowsiness, vomiting, worsening headache, or confusion develop, seek urgent medical attention.

5. Ongoing Care

  • Rest is essential—avoid strenuous activity, sports, or screen time for at least 24–48 hours.

  • Follow up with a healthcare provider before resuming normal activities, especially for children and athletes (to rule out concussion).




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