If someone is bitten by a dog or wild animal, it is both a wound injury and an infection risk. Immediate and correct first aid is critical to prevent complications such as rabies, tetanus, or severe infection.
1. Ensure safety
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Remove the person from danger (the animal may still be aggressive).
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Do not try to catch or corner the animal, but if possible, note its appearance and behavior for authorities.
2. Call emergency services if severe
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If the bite is deep, bleeding heavily, involves the face, neck, or major joints, or if the animal is wild/unknown, call for urgent medical help.
3. Control bleeding
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For severe bleeding: apply firm pressure with a clean cloth until it stops.
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If bleeding is minor: allow it to bleed briefly (to flush bacteria) before cleaning.
4. Clean the wound immediately
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Wash the bite thoroughly with soap and running water for at least 5 minutes.
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Rinse well to flush out saliva and dirt.
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Do not scrub harshly, as this may damage tissue.
5. Cover and protect the wound
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Apply an antiseptic (e.g., iodine, chlorhexidine, or alcohol-based solution if available).
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Cover with a clean, sterile bandage or dressing.
6. Seek urgent medical care
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All animal bites should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
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You may need:
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Rabies post-exposure vaccination (especially for wild animals, stray dogs, bats, raccoons, foxes, monkeys).
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Tetanus booster if not up to date.
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Antibiotics to prevent infection (doctors may prescribe for moderate/severe wounds).
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Surgical care for deep or severe wounds.
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7. Do NOT
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Do not try to cauterize or close the wound at home.
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Do not apply traditional remedies or substances that may contaminate the wound.
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Do not delay seeking medical advice — rabies can be fatal if untreated.
8. While waiting for help
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Keep the wound elevated if possible to reduce swelling.
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Monitor for signs of infection (redness, pus, swelling, worsening pain).
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Report the bite to local health authorities if it involves a stray or wild animal.
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